Nosocomial infections are pretty common in hospitals, as they have a significant impact on patient outcomes and well-being. Nosocomial infections can be defined as infections that occur in an individual when that individual is in a medical facility to get treatment for another sickness or condition that they did not have when they were admitted to the hospital. Based on previous studies, Nosocomial infections occur when an individual gets infected with a new infection after arriving or being admitted to the hospital after 72 hours. The disease occurs three days after discharge from the hospital or surgery, and thirty days after the surgical procedure. 

Nosocomial infections are mainly caused by three types of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and the prevalence of specific pathogens varies across healthcare settings, facilities, locations, and patient populations. These pathogens are transmitted to individuals from sources such as other patients, staff, and contaminated equipment, which can result in a variety of illnesses and potentially lead to reduced well-being in healthcare settings.

Nosocomial infections occur due to various factors. First, this occurs most commonly when infection spreads inside a healthcare setting from one person to another directly or indirectly by contact with infected surfaces, medical equipment, and acid droplets. When individuals are in the hospital, their bodies are weak, and they have weaker immune systems, which causes them to be vulnerable to new infections, as the immune system struggles to fight against diseases. There is also a risk of infections occurring due to ventilation tubes, catheters, and central lines, as these provide a pathway for pathogens to enter the individual's body. In surgical sites of medical centres and hospitals, often facing hygiene issues, poor management of waste, and improper cleaning of tools can create risks of nosocomial infections.

Nosocomial infections are a cause of high risks and challenges to any healthcare system. When considering patient-related impacts, nosocomial infections can lead to increased mortality rates and morbidity across the healthcare system, as they cause more damage to already weak individuals.With this, patients have to spend a long time in the hospital and weaken their immune system further, which causes more risks of nosocomial infections. This potentially causes people to reduce their quality of life due to physical suffering and psychological distress, while patients need to take additional drugs and undergo surgical procedures due to nosocomial infections. When considering the healthcare system, nosocomial infections cause increased costs in the healthcare sector as hospitals have to spend more time and medicines in the healing process. This causes a significant economic burden for hospitals. Nosocomial and nosocomial infections are leading to resistance to antibiotics, and this hinders the effectiveness of future treatments.

Nurses are the most important party that always interacts with patients, and they can create risks of spreading pathogens. Therefore, nurses are considered key individuals who create an environment to prevent infections, maintain patients' health and ensure patients' well-being. Therefore, the knowledge and practices of nurses have a significant effect on the success of nosocomial infection prevention. In any healthcare setting, nurses are responsible for the implementation of key healthcare procedures and implementing activities to ensure hygiene in a hospital setting. They are also responsible for ensuring proper use of medical tools and equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and maintaining a clean environment. Nurses are responsible for effective invasive device usage and avoiding infections, and this involves correct insertion, maintenance of tools and equipment, and timely removal of devices, including urinary and central venous catheters, which directly cause infections.

Nurses need to use proper Personal Protective Equipment, including donning and doffing gowns, gloves, and masks, and improper nipper usage practices can lead to transmission of pathogens between healthcare workers and patients. Nurses need to maintain effective and high levels of patient care by following healthcare policies, including an effective waste management approach, equipment usage, and proper equipment and cleaning tools, as once a patient uses equipment or tools, pathogens can arise that create nosocomial infections.

A high level of knowledge, good attitude, and practices have the ability to overcome high-risk microbial infections among health care workers. Nurses with high experience facilitate enhancing nurses' knowledge and better infection prevention. This is because when nurses become more aware and experienced with the healthcare setting, it facilitates them to understand how their precautions allow them to avoid nosocomial infections, and they gain an understanding of what they should and shouldn’t do to protect patient care. This enhances nosocomial infection prevention effectiveness across hospital settings. As well as when a hospital has infection control teams, offers comprehensive training programs, and has a strong focus on operational procedures, including hand hygiene, PPE, and environmental cleaning, its facilitate to overcome Nosocomial infections.

Strong control mechanisms and standards maintained by hospitals have a direct impact on overcoming nosocomial infections. When healthcare workers possess a high level of knowledge, good attitude, and practices, it facilitates them in overcoming high-risk microbial infections among healthcare workers, because when healthcare professionals have knowledge, good attitude, and practices, it leads to creating a clean and hygienic environment that facilitates the elimination of pathogens that create microbial infection risks.

On the other hand, infection prevention strategies, including handwashing, are important for effective infection control. In nosocomial infection prevention, handwashing is considered the most important task, and when nurses are good at maintaining better hygiene, it allows them to reduce the transmission of pathogens from one person to another through their hands. This causes an increased effectiveness of nosocomial infection prevention. Knowledge and precautionary practices are measures put in place in health facilities to make sure that both the patients and the healthcare workers are protected from infections within the hospital environment.

Evaluating knowledge and practice among nurses about Nosocomial infections and standard precautions is important as it allows us to identify the core practices and procedures used by nurses and whether those practices are effective in addressing nosocomial infections. Developing strategies and policies for maintaining proper behaviour and practices among nurses is vital to overcome nosocomial infections.